IoT Interview Questions and Answers

• IoT stands for Internet of Things. It is basically a network using which things can communicate with each other using internet as means of communication between them.

• All the things should be IP protocol enabled in order to have this concept possible. Not one but multiple technologies are involved to make IoT a great success.

IoT system consists of three main parts:

1. Sensors.
2. Network connectivity.
3. Data storage applications.

• Temperature sensors.

• Proximity sensor.

• Pressure sensor.

• Gas sensor.

• Smoke sensor.

• IR sensors.

• Motion detection sensors.

• Well, the network itself plays an necessary position in the word of the Internet of Things, it is a driving issue for bringing all the distinct systems together which work hand in hand and exhibit us a better future or betterment in every process.

• It gives an intelligent, manageable and secure infrastructure for better execution.

The Internet of Everything is nothing but a smart way to enable people connection, process connection and data exchange.

• Internet of things is a type of embedded system that connects to the Internet.

• Embedded systems tends to be small software programs that implement a few functions.

• Internet of Things may be updated constantly according to the environment and learn by itself.

No, the Internet is not actually needed all the time. But there should be some network present so that the devices are capable of communicate with each other.

The network plays an essential characteristic in the net of the entirety. It wishes to furnish a clever, practical, comfortable infrastructure that may additionally scale to help billions of context-conscious gadgets.

WSN: Wi-Fi sensor community is the foundation of IoT packages. WSN is a network of wireless sensors, fashioned to look at, to take a look at or to monitor bodily parameters of desired utility.

e.g. wireless sensors deployed in agricultural land, screen temp-humidity or maybe soil moisture, who gathers statistics and ideal statistics analysis procedure consequences approximately crop yields-high quality or amount.

IoT: IoT is a community of bodily objects managed and monitored over the Internet. Now just as win, in its application, you will stumble upon the monitoring of physical parameters. But preferred results are little different. IoT is about M2M, it’s far greater than bringing smartness into daily gadgets.

e.g. device hooked in your thermostat monitors surrounding temperature and adjust it to maximum favored.

The “net of the whole thing” builds on the inspiration of the “net of factors” via including community intelligence that lets in convergence, orchestration, and visibility throughout previously disparate structures.

• Raspberry Pi is a credit card sized computer which is capable of doing all operations like a conventional computer.

• But it also has other built-in features like on board WI-Fi, Blue tooth and GPIO pins to communicate with other external Things.

The Zigbee Protocol is very important because it is known for its low power consumption, it maintained IEEE 802.15.4 (2003) standards while utilization.

• Several economic analyses have predicted that the IoT will make a contribution significantly to monetary growth over the next decade, however the predictions range extensively in magnitude.

• The modern world IoT market has been valued at about $2 trillion, with estimates of its anticipated value over the next five to ten years various from $4 trillion to $11 trillion.

• Such variability demonstrates the difficulty of making economic forecasts in the face of quite a number uncertainties, which includes a lack of consensus among researchers about precisely what the IoT is and how it will develop.

It used to measure the air level in the soil, either we can measure it from one location or dynamically get from multiple places in garden area.

• soil moisture sensor

• Airflow sensors.

• Electrochemical sensors.

Like any other technology there are challenges which make the viability of IoT doubtful.

Security is one of the predominant concerns of professionals who consider virtually limitless connected devices and information sharing can severely compromise one’s security and properly being. Unlike different hacking episodes which compromise online data and privacy with IoT units can open gateway for an complete network to be hacked.

One such flaw is well presented by Andy Greenberg on wired.com where he works with hackers to remotely kill his Jeep on the highway.

• The “Thing” commonly is any item that can contain an embedded, connected computing device.

• A “Thing” in the IoT could be a shipping container with an RFID tag or a consumer’s watch with a WiFi chip that sends fitness data or short messages to a server somewhere on the Internet.

• Businesses focal point on getting products to the marketplace faster, adapting to regulatory requirements,growing efficiency and most importantly, persisting to innovate.

• With a highly mobile workforce, evolving customer and changing provide chain demand, the IoT can cross your enterprise forward, starting today.

Nokia originally introduced this protocol as Wibree in 2006. Also known as Blue tooth Smart this protocol provides the same range coverage with much reduced power consumption as the original Blue tooth. It has similar bandwidth with narrow spacing as used by ZigBee. Low power latency and lower complexity makes BLE more suitable to incorporate into low cost micro controllers.

Low power latency and lower complexity makes BLE more suitable to incorporate into low cost micro-controllers.As far as application is concerned BLE is in health care sector. As wearable health monitors are becoming prevalent the sensors of these devices can easily communicate with a smart phone or any medical instrument regularly using BLE protocol.

• MQTT protocol
• XMPP
• AMQP
• Data Distribution Service (DDS)
• Simple Text Oriented Messaging Protocol(STOMP)
• Very Simple Control Protocol (VSCP)
• Zigbee
• WiFi

• Raspberry Pi 1 model B
• Raspberry Pi 1 model A
• Raspberry Pi 1 model B+
• Raspberry Pi 1model A+
• Raspberry Pi Zero
• Raspberry Pi 2
• Raspberry Pi 3 model B
• Raspberry Pi Zero W

As with IoT and other popular technology terms, there is no established consensus definition or set of criteria for characterizing what a smart city is. Specific characterizations vary widely, but in commonplace they involve the use of IoT and b technologies to improve energy, transportation, governance, and other municipal services for specified goals such as sustainability or accelerated quality of life.

The related technologies include:

• Social media (such as Face book and Twitter)

• Mobile computing (such as smart phones and wearable devices)

• Data Analytics (Big Data – the processing and use of very massive data sets; and open facts? databases that are publicly accessible).

• Cloud computing (the delivery of computing services from a remote location, analogous to the way utilities such as electrical energy are provided).

• Together, these are sometimes known as SMAC.

Some important considerations in the Internet of Everything include privacy, security, energy consumption and network congestion.

The official operating system for Raspberry Pi is Raspbian. Although it supports other operating systems like Kali Linux, OSMC, Windows 10 IOT Core, Android Things, RetroPie etc.

You can use SSH into Raspberry Pi and run in headless mode. Latest Raspbian OS has in-built VNC server established with that you can take remote desktop on Raspberry Pi.

The explosion of trendy connections becoming a member of the Internet of Everything is driven via the development of IP-enabled devices, the boom in worldwide broadband availability and the appearance of ipv6.

Bluegiga and wireless together may be used without interference as they are compilable to coexistence protocols. The bluegiga apx4 supports both Blue tooth and WI-Fi and is based on a 450mhz arm9 processor.

Transportation structures are becoming increasingly connected. New motor automobiles are ready with features including Global positioning structures (gps) and in-vehicle enjoyment, as well as advanced driver help structures (adas), which utilize sensors inside the vehicle to help the motive force.

for example with parking and emergency braking.

Dimming LED, controlling the speed of DC motor, controlling the direction of a servo motor etc.

A relay is used to control any home appliances from any IOT or Embedded devices. A relay is nothing but an electrically operated switch.

Integration of IoT technologies into manufacturing and supply chain logistics is predicted to have a trans formative effect on the sector. The biggest impact may be realized in optimization of operations, making manufacturing processes more efficient. Efficiencies can be achieved by connecting components of factories to optimize production, but also by connecting components of inventory and shipping for supply chain optimization.

Another application is predictive maintenance, which uses sensors to monitor machinery and factory infrastructure for damage. Resulting data can enable maintenance crews to replace parts before potentially dangerous and/or costly malfunctions occur.

No.The Internet of Everything does no longer suggest a particular structure and is not fully owned via Cisco or IBM or any different company.

Sharding is the process of Splitting data into multiple collections and store the data multiple machines.

Each and every prototype device family have their own development IDE’s. i.e Arduino IDE, Keil Id, Gcc compilers etc.

Data privacy and security concerns are rising because of the exponential increase in the connected devices in homes, offices and industries. These devices are vulnerable to hacking. There is a lot of concern in the mind of people about data being stolen from their devices. There are potentially three hack points: devices, network and cloud.

Data is moving in networks while it is at rest on devices and cloud. IoT endpoints could be used by hackers to attack servers. Device designers and software developers are ensuring adequate security and privacy measures at the initial stage of design and development.

IoT is continuously altering the way we live, work and entertain. Because of IoT, immense opportunities and possibilities are being created for businesses to innovate in services and products. It has the potential of impacting all the elements of an end-user’s life. Devices are being made context-aware by way of embedding talent into them.

And now not just devices, we are also embedding intelligence into the environment, and through this embedded brain we are enabling it to capture real-time data. This harnessing of talent will definitely enhance and augment human skills to recognize and improve the quality of their lives

• Unlike classic Bluetooth, BLE remains in sleep mode constantly except for when a connection is initiated.

• It is used in applications that do not need to exchange large amounts of data and can, therefore, run on battery power for years at a cheaper cost, therefore it is used as one of the means of exchanging data between the devices.

IOT Majorly divided into two types.

• Internet Of Things: It will create the business in regular use like gadgets.

• Industrial Internet Of Things: It will create the business in industrial like Agriculture.

DB command notify the currently selected database name in MongoDB.

• Gpiozero is used to control the gpio pins in Raspberry Pi.

• By using this we can control button, LED, Robot and more things are possible.

• Windows 10 IOT Core is a full-fledged operating system based on Windows 10 specifically designed to operate on embedded devices.

• This will empower you to build a single universal app experience.

Well, the implementation of the Internet of Things can benefit developed countries without many challenges. If the Internet of Things is implemented in an under developed country or developing country then it has to face some of the practical issues.

For example, a developing country might lack in providing quality electricity supply to its population at this point if the organizations are implementing Internet of things then it will be a big disaster. Because the Internet of Things will take a lot of energy consumption and if that’s the case the solution provided will not work as efficiently as possible.

IoT have 4 protocol layers (stack).

• Sensing and Identification include various smart sensor devices based on GPS, RFID, Wi-Fi etc.

• Network connectivity layer is based on wired and wireless network such as WLAN, WMAN, Ethernet, optical fibre and more.

• Information Processing Layer.

• Application Layer.

Internet of Things can be implemented where accuracy, productivity and process enhancement are concerned. With using this technology better execution can be done in a fraction of the current operating cost. The sectors that are availing the benefits of Internet of Things:

• Agriculture
• Healthcare
• Security
• Manufacturing
• Transportation
• Energy
• Information development

Yes, because it is one of the most important thing for the Internet of things to work efficiently and effectively.

Yes of course, Internet of Things is very beneficial in day by day life as it make life easier and supply an probability to do something else alternatively than sticking up to the routine.

• Total organic carbon sensor

• Turbidity sensor

• Conductivity sensor

• pH sensor

This software system manages sensing, measurements, light-weight information filtering, light-weight information security and aggregation of knowledge. It uses bound protocols to assist sensors in connecting with period, machine-to-machine networks.

Then it collects information from multiple devices and distributes it in accordance with settings. It additionally works in reverse by distributing information over devices.

The Salesforce IoT Cloud may be a platform for storing and process IoT information.It makes use of the Thunder engine for climbable, duration match process. It’s assortment of application development elements, referred to as Lightning, powers its applications.

It gathers information from devices, websites, applications, customers, and partners to trigger movements for period responses.